Introduction APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) are the backbone of modern web and mobile applications, enabling seamless data exchange between systems. However, with increased API usage comes heightened security risks. One of the most prevalent and dangerous API vulnerabilities is Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA), also known as Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR). BOLA occurs when an API…
Introduction In today’s digital world, web applications rely heavily on session management to maintain user authentication and state. Session tokens (or session IDs) are used to identify users after login, allowing seamless interaction without repeated authentication. However, if these tokens are intercepted or stolen, attackers can launch session replay attacks—a serious security threat where an attacker…
Introduction Session management is a critical aspect of web application security. When sessions are not properly managed, they can become a significant vulnerability, allowing attackers to hijack user sessions and gain unauthorized access to sensitive data. One of the most common session-related security issues is improper session timeout configuration. In this comprehensive guide, we will…
Introduction In the ever-evolving world of cybersecurity, attackers constantly look for vulnerabilities to exploit. While most organizations focus on patching software bugs or securing user credentials, a quieter and equally dangerous threat often flies under the radar—subdomain squatting. This attack vector involves hijacking unused or misconfigured subdomains to distribute malware, steal credentials, or launch sophisticated…
Introduction In the ever-evolving world of cyber security, SSL stripping stands out as one of the most deceptive and dangerous threats to web-based communication. As our reliance on web applications continues to grow, so does the importance of ensuring secure data transmission. SSL stripping, a form of man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, poses a direct threat to…
Introduction In the evolving landscape of cybersecurity, one critical yet often underestimated threat is the downgrade attack. Also known as version rollback attacks, downgrade attacks can severely compromise encrypted communications by coercing systems into using older, less secure versions of security protocols. This comprehensive blog post delves into the mechanisms, risks, real-world examples, and mitigations…
Introduction In the vast and ever-evolving landscape of cybersecurity, certain vulnerabilities strike fear into the hearts of security professionals more than others. Among the most severe and potentially devastating is Remote Code Execution (RCE). When an attacker gains the ability to execute arbitrary code on a target system, the implications are catastrophic. It’s akin to…
Introduction In today’s fast-paced web development environment, frameworks and libraries have made developers’ lives significantly easier. Features like automatic data binding allow us to quickly capture and assign incoming HTTP request data to objects. However, this convenience can come at a steep price. One of the critical vulnerabilities that can arise from overly trusting automatic…
Introduction In the evolving landscape of web application security, many threats go unnoticed or underestimated. One such silent attacker is Host Header Poisoning. Although it doesn’t make headlines like SQL Injection or Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), Host Header Poisoning can lead to serious vulnerabilities in web applications, including cache poisoning, password reset poisoning, virtual host routing…
Introduction Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) is a critical web security vulnerability that allows an attacker to induce the server-side application to make HTTP requests to an arbitrary domain of the attacker’s choosing. This vulnerability can be exploited to access internal systems, sensitive data, and services behind firewalls that would otherwise be inaccessible from the external…
