(Low)Code Maturity Model

TL;DR

The (Low)Code Maturity Model (LCMM) is a framework to classify how a technology team balances governance, flexibility, and delivery speed across three levels:

1. Codeful – Full control over code, strict governance, and strong consistency.

2. Low-deploy – A hybrid of code and low-code tools, enabling faster delivery while retaining some flexibility.

3. Low-code – Tool-driven development with minimal coding, ideal for quick wins and non-developer contributions.

Why it matters: Choosing the right level for each initiative helps avoid the extremes of slow, over-governed delivery or uncontrolled, unmaintainable quick hacks.

When to use:

• Codeful → For core systems, high-risk domains, long-term maintainability, improving reusability, refactor of mature features.

• Low-deploy → For experimental features, internal tools, or agentic workflows.

• Low-code → For MVPs, integrations, internal tools, and empowering non-developers to deliver value quickly.

Why a Maturity Model for “(Low)Code”?

Technology teams constantly face the trade-off between speed, control, and extensibility. Without a clear framework, teams may:

• Over-engineer simple solutions, delaying value delivery.

• Push quick, tool-based solutions into production without proper governance.

• Fail to align the choice of tooling with the risk profile and lifespan of the project.

A maturity model provides a shared language to discuss and align on these trade-offs, ensuring the right approach is used for each specific initiative.

The Spectrum at a Glance

The (Low)Code Maturity Model defines some distinct levels:

Key observation: This is not a ladder you must climb — teams can and should operate at multiple levels simultaneously, choosing the right approach per initiative rather than standardizing on one level for everything.

Level 1 — Codeful

Codeful represents the traditional, full-code development approach. All logic, infrastructure, and deployment pipelines are defined and maintained in code, with strong engineering discipline.

📋 Core Practices

• Maintain type consistency across services and functions.
• Share utility code across projects to avoid duplication.
• Enforce governance for publication: branch strategies, pull requests, CI/CD checks.

⭐ Strengths

• Maximum flexibility to implement any logic or integration.
• Strong maintainability when standards are enforced.
• Easier compliance with security and regulatory requirements.

⚠️ Risks

• Slower time-to-market compared to low-code approaches.
• Higher barrier to entry for non-developers.
• Risk of over-engineering simple use cases.

🎯 Use cases

• Focus on product maturity: For features that are tested enough and have a mature history of user adoption and feedback.
• Focus on schema preservation: Core-business domains where correctness and compliance are critical.
• Focus on reusability: Components that will be reused across multiple products.

Level 2 — Low-deploy

Low-deploy is a middle ground between full-code and pure low-code. It leverages platforms that offer visual building blocks but still allow embedding and running custom code, often with access to external libraries (e.g., npm).

📋 Core Practices

• Use tools such as Windmill or Plasmic.
• Combine visual editing with code injection for flexibility.
• Allow developers to bypass some governance for rapid iteration.
• Integrate with existing services via API, SDKs or external libraries.

⭐ Strengths

• Faster delivery than Codeful, without fully sacrificing flexibility.
• Enables smaller teams to ship more features quickly.
• Lower upfront cost for prototypes compared to full-code builds.

⚠️ Risks

• Partial governance bypass can introduce quality and security risks.
• Risk of creating unreviewed production logic.
• Platform lock-in if proprietary features are overused.

🎯 Use cases

• Focus on operational optimization: Internal tools where speed is more critical than governance.
• Focus on AI evaluation: Agentic workflows and AI-related features, where sometimes you need to deal with AI models through code.
• Focus on public reusability: Situations where developers need a productivity boost without being restricted by a low-code tool.

Level 3 — Low-code

Low-code is a fully tool-driven approach where most of the application is built through visual interfaces and prebuilt components, with minimal to no direct coding.

📋 Core Practices

• Use tools such as n8n, Retool, or Bubble.
• Empower anyone familiar with the tool to deliver value.
• Limited ability to add custom code or external libraries.
• Extend via community components, templates, or connectors.

⭐ Strengths

• Extremely fast delivery for prototypes and integrations.
• Empowers non-developers (“citizen developers”) to contribute.
• Minimal initial setup — no need for complex infrastructure.

⚠️ Risks

• Vendor lock-in and dependency on platform availability.
• Harder to enforce coding standards or architectural consistency.
• Limited extensibility for complex or highly custom logic.

🎯 Use cases

• Focus on early feedback: Customer-facing features with a short feedback loop, where speed matters more than long-term maintainability.
• Focus on automation: Integrations between SaaS tools.

Decision Framework

Selecting the right maturity level can be guided by four practical dimensions:

1. Speed

   • Question: Is there uncertainty about the feature’s business value (never tested before)? Is there an opportunity cost if delivery is delayed?
   • Interpretation: The higher the need for speed, the closer to Low-code.

2. Need

   • Question: Is the functionality primarily an integration between known systems/products, or is it proprietary code unique to the business?
   • Interpretation: The more proprietary the functionality, the closer to Codeful.

3. Team Experience / Knowledge

   • Question: Are the people delivering it senior engineers or low-tech-skill contributors?
   • Interpretation: Lower skill levels push towards Low-code.

4. Flexibility

   • Question: Does the code need to reuse internal libraries? If yes → Codeful. Does it need to reuse external libraries? If yes → Low-deploy. If neither, → Low-code.

How to Use

• Evaluate each dimension independently.
• The resulting profile will point towards the most appropriate level.
• Reassess at major milestones — initial assumptions often change.

Scorecard template

You can use the following scorecard to evaluate your initiatives.

• Assign a score from 1 to 3 for each dimension based on the questions above.
• Sum the scores to get a total.
• The highest score indicates the most appropriate maturity level for the initiative.

Total Score: 8

The total score can be interpreted as follows:

• 4-6: Lean towards Codeful.
• 7-9: Lean towards Low-deploy.
• 10-12: Lean towards Low-code.

Migration Paths & Hybrids

Moving Between Levels

• Low-code → Low-deploy: When quick MVPs need more flexibility via external libraries.
• Low-deploy → Codeful: When compliance, usability needs, or complexity increases.
• Codeful → Low-deploy/Low-code: For peripheral or experimental features needing faster delivery.

Hybrid Architectures

• Core system in Codeful; AI in Low-deploy; automation in Low-code.
• Example: An e-commerce platform with a Codeful backend, Low-deploy CMS, and Low-code marketing automations.

Anti-patterns

• Shadow IT: Untracked Low-code automations in production.
• Glue code sprawl: Over-reliance on Low-deploy without migration to Codeful.
• Permanent MVPs: Low-code solutions running as core systems for years.

Recommendation

• “Get blood from a stone”: stick to the original maturity until you really need to change. Try to work around the obstacles before moving completely to a different maturity level.
• Maintain an inventory of solutions and their maturity level for governance oversight.

Challenges & Counterpoints

When Not to Use Low-code

• Mission-critical systems where platform downtime is unacceptable.
• Highly regulated environments with strict audit/compliance requirements.
• Scenarios needing complex, highly optimized algorithms.

Sustainability of Community Components

• Community-driven connectors/templates may lack maintenance.
• Risk of sudden deprecation or API changes.
• Mitigation: Fork and self-maintain critical components.

Long-term Cost vs. Short-term Speed

• Low-code may reduce initial development time but increase long-term maintenance and licensing costs.
• Codeful has higher upfront cost but better control over lifecycle.

Governance Drift

• Teams may start in Low-code for MVPs but never migrate to Codeful when complexity grows.
• Requires periodic maturity reassessment.

Vendor Lock-in

• The deeper the platform integration, the harder and costlier the migration.
• Mitigation: Abstract business logic into reusable, platform-independent services.

Cultural Resistance

• Developers may resist Low-code adoption, seeing it as a threat to craftsmanship.
• Non-technical teams may resist Codeful due to perceived bureaucracy.
• Requires clear communication of trade-offs.

Counterpoint

• Low-code is not “less engineering” — it’s a different form of engineering. Success depends on applying the right level of discipline, regardless of the platform.