Introduction Web security is an increasingly important topic in the digital era, with numerous attack vectors threatening the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of online platforms. One particularly insidious threat is Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). Within this broad category, Reflected XSS stands out due to its prevalence and the subtlety with which it operates. This article will…
Introduction In the ever-evolving landscape of web security, one vulnerability that continues to plague websites, APIs, and applications is Directory Traversal. Also known as Path Traversal, this attack vector is both deceptively simple and dangerously effective. When exploited, it allows attackers to access files and directories that reside outside the intended scope of the web…
Introduction In the vast realm of web security threats, Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) stands out as a particularly insidious attack vector. Despite being less well-known than threats like SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS), CSRF can have devastating consequences if left unaddressed. This blog post delves deep into the concept of CSRF, its mechanisms, real-world…
Clickjacking, also known as a “UI redress attack,” is a malicious technique where an attacker tricks users into clicking on something different from what they perceive. This deceptive practice can lead users to inadvertently share confidential information, enable their camera or microphone, transfer funds, or perform other unintended actions. As an application author, it is…
Introduction Modern web applications increasingly rely on operating system-level interactions. From managing files and invoking scripts to querying system information, these tasks are typically executed using OS commands. However, if command strings are not securely constructed, they can open doors to one of the most dangerous vulnerabilities in application security: command injection. This blog post…
Table of Contents 1. Introduction Cybersecurity threats are constantly evolving, and one of the most persistent and dangerous vulnerabilities found in web applications today is Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). This blog post will explore XSS in depth, covering how it works, its real-world impact, and what developers and users can do to prevent it. If you’re…
Introduction In the digital age, data is one of the most valuable assets for individuals and organizations. It powers websites, mobile apps, and cloud services. However, this data is often stored in databases that can become targets for cybercriminals. One of the most notorious and enduring threats to data security is SQL Injection (SQLi). SQL…
If you’re diving into the world of Internet of Things (IoT) or embedded systems, the ESP32 is one of the best tools you can start with. It’s powerful, versatile, and cost-effective, making it a favorite among both beginners and advanced developers. In this guide, we’ll walk you through everything from setting up your ESP32 with…
Table of Contents 1. Introduction Creating your own website may sound daunting, but it all starts with HTML. If you’re new to web development, HTML is the ideal foundation. This guide will teach you everything you need to know to go from a blank screen to a fully functional, SEO-friendly website. 2. What is HTML?…
Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Steganography Steganography is the art of hiding information within other non-secret text or data. Unlike encryption, which obscures the content of a message, steganography conceals the very existence of the message. This technique has been used for centuries, from ancient Greece to modern digital communications. In the digital realm,…
